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View by: Product Supplier. Location Near Me. Popular Iodized Salt Products. Sanjay Exports. The study covered a total of 1, children, who came not only from urban areas but also from rural areas, and were represented by a proportional division into sex and age groups. Four hundred and two children were examined in , before salt iodization, and in and in , after salt iodization was implemented in Almost all children were prepubertal.
The population was stable, and there was no significant migration. Table 1, Baczyk et al , Pg. The vitamin-mineral premix KAP-complex 1, which consists of six micronutrients electrolytic iron — An area was selected in each country in a sentinel population expected to have early access to iodated salt and fortified wheat flour.
It was limited to 40 households and individuals 80 children and 40 women in each country. The baseline round of data collection was carried out from December to April before implementation of the food fortification programs. Within each area, 40 families with at least one woman of reproductive age and two children between 2 and 15 years of age were selected.
A list of families meeting these criteria was prepared in a child polyclinic in a pilot area of each country. Forty families were randomly sampled from the list. In the second round, from May to August , women of reproductive age living in these 40 households were also selected.
This coincided with more extensive food fortification. The third round was carried out in the second and third quarters of The same data were collected in all three rounds from the same individuals Table 5, Tazhibayev et al , Pg. See for instance our blog post on Rethinking SCI's evidence of impact , where we discuss how sentinel sites for a national deworming campaign received additional treatment in studies. Abudou et al would have classified them as quasi-experimental, randomized controlled trials or non-randomized controlled trials: "This review included randomised controlled trials both individual and cluster randomization , non-randomized tirals, quasi-experimental studies, cohort observational studies, and multiple cross-sectional observations studies which compared results before and after introduction of iodised salt.
Cross-sectional surveys of goitre, urinary iodine excretion, and adverse effects were conducted before obligatory salt iodisation in Poland and 9 years after obligatory salt iodisation in Poland. Although the percentage of households with adequately iodized salt has increased from only 0. Two major factors were identified as the causes for the low coverage of iodized salt in Ghana. The main challenge was that small salt producers were experiencing difficulties in accessing reputable international suppliers for their individual quantities and minimum order quantities, and pack sizes were not suitable for the production requirements, making it difficult and very expensive to source their potassium iodate Another major reason identified by the government for lack of access to iodized salt was the inability of the numerous small-scale salt producers in Ghana to adequately iodize their production of salt.
Therefore, urinary iodine excretion is a good marker of very recent dietary iodine intake. But dietary iodine intake and therefore UIC are highly variable from day to day. This limitation notwithstanding, the results were very consistent for most outcomes measured. The other outcomes with sufficient data to make such comparisons i. Additionally, studies that could not be combined in the meta-analyses for these outcomes were also consistent with a benefit of consuming iodised salt.
Therefore, the heterogeneity of the studies did not proclude the ability to draw the conculsion that iodised salt is effective at reducing risk of many adverse effects of iodine deficiency. These surveys have large sample sizes usually between 5, and 30, households and typically are conducted about every 5 years, to allow comparisons over time.
The table does not show strong evidence of that claim. This amounts to 0. These figures are not exact, and meant more to indicate orders of magnitude. However, it may be a good option where flour fortification does not reach a majority of the population. Costs of salt iodization, estimates from Venkatesh Mannar, September 2, Iodine supplementation during pregnancy or the periconceptional period in regions of severe iodine deficiency reduced risk of cretinism, but there were no improvements in childhood intelligence, gross development, growth, or pregnancy outcomes, although there was an improvement in some motor functions.
Hence, while other micronutrient deficiencies are likely to be resolved with economic development by way of rising caloric intake, iodine deficiency is more likely to exert a persistent influence on economic outcomes. A note on this page's publication date The content on this page has not been recently updated.
In a nutshell This page discusses salt iodization, or the fortification of salt with iodine, to prevent iodine deficiency disorders. A note on this page's publication date What is iodine deficiency?
What is the program? What are the benefits of salt iodization? Improving mental function IQ and life outcomes Preventing congenital iodine deficiency syndrome What are the negative effects of salt iodization?
What is the track record of large-scale salt iodization? Urinary iodine How reliable and predictive is measuring urinary iodine content? Goiter Household surveys of iodized salt Cost-effectiveness Our process Questions for further investigation Sources. Gordon et al Zimmermann et al Shrestha et al Huda, Grantham-McGregor and Tomkins Not enough information to calculate Bautista et al Achieving Universal Salt Iodization. Source archive. Andersson, Karumbunathan and Zimmermann - Supplemental Table 1.
Andersson, Karumbunathan and Zimmermann Burgi, Kohler and Morselli Childinfo Iodized salt consumption Jelte Wicherts, Curriculum Vitae. Dunn, Semigran and Delange Field, Robles and Torero GiveWell, Cost-effectiveness analysis, , Version 2.
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