Why stp

It consists of a configurable 1-byte priority value and a unique port number of each bridge. Path Cost, which is also known called PC, helps to decide the best topology with regard to forwarding speed.

STP uses the concept of Path Cost. A designated port is a disabled port, and it is blocked by a network admin. A non-Designated port is a switch port that is blocked. It is also known as a blocked port, or sometimes an alternate port. It cannot forward packets to the next switch. The Spanning Tree Protocol requires a STP network device to exchange messages to help from a loop-free logic topology.

Each network device sends BPDUs, which helps to exchange topology information. It is a unique bridge ID of the root device in the network topology. It acts as a bridge ID of the transmitting bridge, an identifier of the transmitting port. One network device is selected as the root bridge. The shortest distance to the root bridge should be calculated for each network device based on the path cost. A designated bridge for every LAN segment is selected. During network initialization, every device considers itself the root bridge and sets the root ID to its own BID.

All the ports on the root bridge are in Forwarding state. If the calculated configuration BPDU is superior, the port is selected as the designated port and periodically sends the calculated configuration BPDU.

By default, the working mode of a device is MSTP. Run the stp root primary command on a device to configure the device as the root bridge. Run the stp root secondary command on another device to configure the device as the secondary root bridge. The default priority value of a device is The value is an integer multiple of , such as 0, and A smaller value indicates a higher priority of the device. A device with a higher priority is more likely to be elected as the root bridge.

Low-performance devices at lower network layers are not suitable for root bridges, so you need to set low priorities for these devices. By default, the IEEE Explore More. Your email address will not be published. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. From time to time, we would like to contact you about our products and services, as well as other content that may be of interest to you.

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Leave a comment Cancel reply Your email address will not be published. Facebook Twitter LinkedIn. Copy link. Copy Copied. Powered by Social Snap. The switches then agree on which switch is the root switch. The switch with the lowest bridge ID in the network wins this election process.

After the root switch identification, the switches adhere to these rules:. Note: In some corner cases, which involve self-looped ports, there is an exception to this rule. Next, each switch determines the best path to get to the root. The switches determine this path by a comparison of the information in all the BPDUs that the switches receive on all ports. The switch uses the port with the least amount of information in the BPDU in order to get to the root switch; the port with the least amount of information in the BPDU is the root port.

After a switch determines the root port, the switch proceeds to rule 2. In addition, the switches on each LAN segment communicate with each other to determine which switch is best to use in order to move data from that segment to the root bridge. This switch is called the designated switch. The rule only applies to ports that connect to other bridges or switches.

STP does not affect ports that connect to workstations or PCs. These ports remain forwarded. The other VLAN parts of a trunk link can forward traffic normally. Note: By default, spanning tree runs on every port. The spanning tree feature cannot be turned off in switches on a per-port basis.

Extreme care should be taken whenever you disable spanning tree because this creates Layer 2 loops within the network.

Issue the show version command in order to display the software version that the switch runs. In this scenario, Switch 15 is the best choice for the root switch of the network for all the VLANs because Switch 15 is the backbone switch.

Note: The default priority for switches is When you set the priority with this command, you force the selection of Switch 15 as the root switch because Switch 15 has the lowest priority. Note: In this scenario, all the switches started with cleared configurations. Therefore, all the switches started with a bridge priority of If you are not certain that all the switches in your network have a priority that is greater than , set the priority of your desired root bridge to 1.

Note: Only configure this setting on ports that connect to workstations or PCs. Do not enable PortFast on any port that connects to another switch.

This example only configures Switch You can configure other switches in the same way. Switch 12 has these port connections:. From the output from this command, compare the MAC address of the switch that is the root switch to the MAC address of the switch from which you issued the command. If the addresses match, the switch that you are in is the root switch of the VLAN.