People with hemophilia are likely to have a relatively normal life expectancy and quality of life if they receive the treatment that they need and are knowledgeable about their condition, according to the Cleveland Clinic. Some people with hemophilia develop inhibitors, which are antibodies that the immune system creates to attack the clotting factors in hemophilia treatment, notes the World Federation of Hemophilia.
This happens when the body mistakes the clotting factors in the treatment for foreign intruders. Inhibitors can negatively affect the course of hemophilia, but new medications are currently being developed.
Around 60 to 70 percent of people with hemophilia A have severe hemophilia and about 15 percent have moderate hemophilia, per the Cleveland Clinic. There is currently no cure for hemophilia, according to the NHF. The primary treatment for hemophilia is replacing the missing clotting factor so the blood can clot properly, according to the CDC. These are both administered through injections. Plasma-derived factor concentrates are blood clotting factors that come from plasma donated by other people.
Blood donations are processed to create the freeze-dried factors that go into this therapy. Recombinant factor concentrates are a newer type of therapy that uses genetic engineering to create blood replacement products. This therapy still contains the clotting factors a person with hemophilia needs. These treatments are both prophylactic preventive and therapeutic. That is, they can treat current bleeding and prevent future bleeding incidents. Other medication people with hemophilia might receive include clot-promoting drug called anti-fibrinolytics.
The two main anti-fibrinolytics prescribed to people with hemophilia A are desmopressin acetate DDAVP and epsilon-aminocaproic acid. What if, rather than injecting the missing clotting factor into people with hemophilia, you could instead get their bodies to start making it on their own? For more than two decades, scientists have been working on developing a gene therapy for hemophilia that would do just that.
However, on August 18, , the U. Hypnosis may also have benefits for hemophilia. In a study published in Scientific Reports in September , participants who underwent four weekly hypnosis sessions in addition to their usual treatment had a higher reduction in pain than the control group, and also saw benefits in their quality of life. One of the most serious but rare complications of hemophilia is a head injury that causes bleeding in the brain. Another serious, but chronic, complication with hemophilia is the development of inhibitors, which make it more difficult to stop a bleeding episode and can increase your risk of death.
About 1 in 5 people with hemophilia A develop inhibitors, though scientists still do not fully understand who will get them and why, notes the CDC. Hemophilia is rare and predominantly affects males; females are rarely born with the disorder. It can affect people of any race or nationality. Hemophilia A, the most common type of hemophilia, affects 1 in 5, male births. About babies are born with hemophilia A each year, per the CDC.
Hemophilia A accounts for 80 percent of hemophilia cases, or more than , males worldwide, according to Stat Pearls. Hemophilia C is rare in the United States, affecting about 1 in every , people. Among Ashkenazi Jews from Israel, the prevalence is as high as 8 percent. VWD affects up to 1 percent of the U.
It is carried on chromosome 12 and occurs in males and females at the same rate. While people of every race and ethnicity can get hemophilia, there are some challenges that are unique to certain populations. Some studies have found that being Black or Hispanic may possibly play a role in increasing the risk of inhibitor development among people with hemophilia. One study, published in April in the Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities , found that non-white young adults with moderate or severe hemophilia were more than 5 times as likely as whites to report high levels of chronic pain.
Mayo Clinic. Mayo Clinic is a trusted resource for health and medical information, including information about hemophilia. The NHF is dedicated to finding better treatments and a cure for inheritable bleeding disorders.
It does this through awarding research grants and through political advocacy at all levels of government. It also offers opportunities for community education and support through its local chapters , and has a camp locator for children with bleeding disorders. By subscribing you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Health Topics. Health Tools. Reviewed: September 9, Medically Reviewed. Types of Hemophilia Hemophilia A Classic Hemophilia The most common type of hemophilia, hemophilia A, is caused by an insufficient amount of clotting factor 8.
It rarely occurs in females. Common signs and symptoms of hemophilia include: 1 Bleeding into the joints, which can cause swelling and pain or tightness in the joints often the knees, elbows, and ankles Bleeding into the skin bruising or into muscle and soft tissue, causing an accumulation of blood hematoma Bleeding of the mouth and gums, and bleeding that is difficult to stop after losing a tooth Bleeding after circumcision Bleeding after having shots or vaccines Bleeding in the head of an infant after the baby is delivered Blood in the urine or stool Frequent bleeding and nosebleeds that are difficult to stop.
In most cases, hemophilia is an inherited disease. This means a person who has hemophilia inherited the genetic mutation that causes it from one or both parents.
If haemophilia is suspected after your child's born, a blood test can usually confirm the diagnosis. Blood from the umbilical cord can be tested at birth. There's no cure for haemophilia, but treatment usually allows a person with the condition to enjoy a good quality of life. Man-made clotting factors are given as medicines to prevent and treat prolonged bleeding.
These medicines are given as an injection. In milder cases, injections are usually only given in response to prolonged bleeding. More severe cases are treated with regular injections to prevent bleeding.
Read more about treatments for haemophilia. Looking after your teeth and gums helps you avoid problems such as gum disease , which can cause bleeding.
Most non-surgical dental treatment can be done at a general dental surgery. Your care team at the hospital can give you advice about surgical dental procedures, such as having a tooth removed, and further information and advice about living with haemophilia.
This helps scientists better understand the condition. You can opt out of the register at any time. Page last reviewed: 17 April Next review due: 17 April Symptoms of haemophilia The symptoms of haemophilia can be mild to severe, depending on the level of clotting factors you have.
The main symptom is bleeding that does not stop. This is called acquired hemophilia. Acquired hemophilia is a variety of the condition that occurs when a person's immune system attacks clotting factor 8 or 9 in the blood. It can be associated with:. In the most common types of hemophilia, the faulty gene is located on the X chromosome.
Everyone has two sex chromosomes, one from each parent. Females inherit an X chromosome from the mother and an X chromosome from the father. Males inherit an X chromosome from the mother and a Y chromosome from the father.
This means that hemophilia almost always occurs in boys and is passed from mother to son through one of the mother's genes. Most women with the defective gene are carriers who have no signs or symptoms of hemophilia.
But some carriers can have bleeding symptoms if their clotting factors are moderately decreased. The biggest risk factor for hemophilia is to have family members who also have the disorder. Males are much more likely to have hemophilia than are females. Hemophilia care at Mayo Clinic. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products.
Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. This content does not have an English version. This content does not have an Arabic version. Overview Hemophilia is a rare disorder in which the blood doesn't clot in the typical way because it doesn't have enough blood-clotting proteins clotting factors.
Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic.
0コメント