Tunisia faces north and east over the Mediterranean Sea; the country is bordered on the south by Libya and on the west by Algeria. The capital, and largest city of Tunisia, is Tunis, seaport, with a population of 1. Other major cities are Sfax, Sousse and Bizerte.
The Mediterranean coast, 1, km long, is cut by many natural ports and inlets, including the gulfs of Tunis, Hammamet and Gabes. The latter is home to Djerba Island and the Kerkennah Islands. The altitude of the peaks oscillates between and m. Valleys and fertile plains are tucked between the mountains of this region. Further south, the mountains give way to a plateau whose average altitude is about m.
Then, the plateau gradually decreases to the south until a succession of salty depressions, known as sebkhas. There are about 10 million Tunisians. It is the least populated country in the Maghreb Algeria has more than 32 million inhabitants and Morocco almost as much.
The population has doubled in the last thirty years. However, the birth rate has been declining steadily for about 20 years, despite the arrival of many young men and women at the age of procreation.
On average, women give birth to two children. This is certainly due to high school enrollment the highest in the Maghreb countries and the fact that since the s, women have obtained the same rights as men. Added to this is the emergence of a social class composed of middle-income people living in the city , educated and wishing to have fewer children to better help them. The climate of Tunisia, because of its long maritime facade and low altitudes, is of the Mediterranean type.
Temperatures reach an average of The north of the country is quite well watered; the rainy season, from October to May, is relatively long. The country has a moderate relief. As observed on the physical map above, the Tunisian Dorsal is a mountain range that runs in a southwest-northeast direction from Tunisia's border with Algeria in the west to the Cape Bon peninsula in the east. This mountain is an extension of the Saharan Atlas Mountains. Further north from the Tunisian Dorsal, the mountains of the Northern Tell that include the Kroumirie Mountains in the northwest and the Mogods running along the northern coastline can be found.
This valley features a series of ancient lake basins and is the country's most fertile grain-producing land. They are cut by mountains running north to south. As we go further south, there is a series of depressions called chott.
Many intermittent rivers flowing through the country end up in these chotts. Most of the southern part of the country is a sandy desert and much of it is part of the Sahara Desert's Sand Sea, also called the Grand Erg Oriental. Most of the wadis here remain dry all year round and hence, access to water is a major concern here. Tunisia also has several islands.
The Djerba Island marked on the map above is North Africa's largest island. Mount Chambi 1, M is the highest point in the country. At 17 m below sea level, Chott el Djerid is Tunisia's lowest point. Tunisia has 24 major administrative divisions called governorates.
The governorates are further subdivided into districts called mutamadiyat which are further divided into smaller administrative divisions called shaykhats or municipalities and imadats or sectors. Tataouine is Tunisia's largest governorate by area and Tunis is the largest one by population but the smallest by area. The capital of this governorate, Tunis, is also the national capital.
Tunisia is located in the Northern and Eastern Hemisphere of the Earth. It is bordered by only two neighboring nations. Libya bounds Tunisia to the southeast and Algeria to the west and southwest. The country has a coastline on the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east.
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